【法令用語】勾留状：備忘録：SSブログ

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【法令用語】勾留状　[法令用語] [編集]

「勾留状」、それは被疑者国選弁護における重要書類である。

その本質は何なのか、何が書いてあるのか等についてメモしておく。

■　本質　■

「勾留状」とは、被疑者又は被告人を勾留するために裁判所・裁判官が発する令状のこと（刑訴法62条、64条）。

そして、
「勾留」とは、被疑者又は被告人を拘禁すること（刑訴法60条）。

それでもって、
「拘禁」とは、比較的長期の身体の拘束のことである（刑訴法91条参照）。

ちなみに、「拘禁」については、逮捕に引き続く身体の拘束と説明されることもある。たしかに、これも正しい。しかし、被告人勾留の場合は必ずしも逮捕が先行するわけではないので、本質を分かりやすく表す場合には上記のような定義でいいだろう。

　抑留・拘禁

逮捕に引き続く身柄の拘束をいう。しいて区別すれば，抑留は比較的短期の拘束，拘禁は長期の拘束を意味する。憲法は，抑留・拘禁について，理由の告知及び弁護人依頼の権利を保障し〔憲34〕，さらに不当に長い抑留・拘禁後の自白は証拠とすることができないと定めて〔憲38<2>〕，被拘束者の保護を図っている。これらの憲法的保障は，刑事訴訟法では逮捕，勾留（こうりゅう）等の規定として具体化されており，特に自白の証拠能力の制限については，抑留・拘禁という用語がそのまま使われている〔刑訴319<1>〕。なお，逮捕，勾留されている者は未決拘禁者と呼ばれる〔刑事収容2〔8〕〕。

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また、
「令状」とは、裁判所又は裁判官が強制処分を命令又は許可するために発する書面のことである。

以上をまとめると、
「勾留状」とは、裁判所又は裁判官が、被疑者又は被告人の身体を比較的長期にわたって拘束することを命令又は許可するために発する書面ということになる。

■　記載事項　■

①　被疑者又は被告人の氏名（明らかでないときは、人相、体格その他被告人を特定するに足りる事項で被告人を指示することができる）
②　被疑者又は被告人の住居（明らかでないときは、記載不要）
③　罪名
④　被疑事実又は公訴事実の要旨
⑤　勾留すべき刑事施設
⑥　有効期間
⑦　有効期間経過後は執行に着手することができず令状はこれを返還しなければならない旨
⑧　発付の年月日
⑨　裁判長又は受命裁判官の記名押印
⑩　法第60条第1項各号に定める事由（被告人が定まつた住居を有しないとき、被告人が罪証を隠滅すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるとき、被告人が逃亡し又は逃亡すると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるときのいずれか。）
⑪　法第69条の規定により勾留状を発する場合には、その旨
⑫　被疑者に対して発する勾留状には、勾留の請求の年月日
⑬　勾留を延長する場合は、延長の期間
⑭　勾留を延長する場合は、延長の理由
⑮　勾留を延長する際に、勾留状を検察官に交付する場合には、交付の年月日
※　①～⑨については、刑訴法64条
※　⑩については、刑訴規則70条
※　⑪については、刑訴規則71条
※　⑫については、刑訴規則149条
※　⑬～⑮について、刑訴規則153条

かなり細かく記載事項が法定されているような気がする。
しかし、実際には、それ以上の事項が記載されている。

具体的には、以下の通り。
⑯　被疑者又は被告人の年齢
⑰　被疑者又は被告人の職業
⑱　執行した年月日時及び場所
⑲　執行することができなかったときはその事由
⑳　勾留した年月日時及び取扱者

⑯～⑳については、勾留状の記載事項とする法令の規定は見つからなかった。

⑯と⑰については、起訴状の記載事項になっているから、勾留状にも記載しているものと思われる（刑訴規則164条）。

⑱～⑳については、実務上の便宜から記載しているのだろう。

ここでちょっと問題になるのは、⑱「執行した年月日時」と⑳「勾留した年月日時」の違いである。

上述した通り、「勾留」とは、被疑者又は被告人を拘禁することであるが、拘禁するには刑事収容施設まで連れて行く必要がある。

そのため、「勾留状」には、指定された刑事収容施設に引致する作用も認められる。

そして、勾留状を示して、この引致にとりかかることを勾留状の執行と言っているようである。

刑事訴訟法の表現を借りれば、
「勾留状の執行」とは、勾留状を被疑者又は被告人に示した上、できる限り速やかに、かつ、直接、指定された刑事収容施設に引致することである（刑訴法73条2項）。

よって、
⑱「執行した年月日時」とは、勾留状を被疑者又は被告人に示して引致に取り掛かった年月日時のことである。
また、
⑳「勾留した年月日時」とは、刑事収容施設において被疑者又は被告人の拘束を始めた年月日時のことである。

補足。
「引致」とは、特定の者を強制的に連行すること。
「勾引」とは、勾引状によって特定の者を強制的に連行すること。
これら2つの関係は、勾引は手続の名前、引致は手続の内容の名前という感じだろうか。

刑事訴訟法57条以下には、いろいろと紛らわしい概念があるが、整理すると。
①　召喚（57条）
　→　一定の日時場所を指定し、出頭を命じる強制処分
　※　召喚状の内容：出頭命令（引致は内容となっておらず、強制連行はできない）
②　勾引（58条）
　→　一定の場所に引致する強制処分
　※　勾引状の内容：引致
③　勾留（59条）
　→　被疑者又は被告人を拘禁すること。
　※　勾留状の内容：引致＋長期拘束
④　逮捕（199条）
　→　被疑者を抑留すること
　※　逮捕状の内容：引致＋短期拘束

■　おまけメモ　■

「勾留」を、被疑者又は被告人を拘禁する刑事手続上の強制処分のことと定義する場合もあるが、拘禁が強制処分であることは疑いようがないので、上記のような定義で十分かと思われる。ちなみに、「強制処分」とは、重要な権利利益を侵害する処分とされており、身体を拘束する処分がこれに当たることには争いがない。

「強制処分」は、刑事訴訟法上の超重要用語であるが、刑事訴訟法や刑事訴訟法には出てこない。

かといって、法令用語に存在しないというわけではなく、「武力攻撃事態及び存立危機事態における外国軍用品等の海上輸送の規制に関する法律」と「犯罪捜査規範」（国家公安委員会規則）で使われている。

　武力攻撃事態及び存立危機事態における外国軍用品等の海上輸送の規制に関する法律

（調査のための強制処分）
第四十条
１　外国軍用品審判所は、第三十四条の規定による事件の送致を受けたときは、当該事件に係る船舶の船長等に対し、当該船舶の出航を禁止することができる。
２　前項の規定により出航を禁止する期間は、事件が送致された日から起算して一月とする。ただし、外国軍用品審判所は、通じて一月を超えない範囲で、当該期間を延長することができる。
３　外国軍用品審判所は、第四十五条第一項又は第二項の規定による決定をしたとき、その他第一項の船舶の出航を禁止する必要がなくなったときは、前項の期間内であっても、第一項の規定による命令を取り消さなければならない。

　犯罪捜査規範

（資料に基く捜査）
第八十一条
　捜査を行うに当つては、犯罪に関する有形または無形の資料、内偵による資料その他諸般の情報等確実な資料を収集し、これに基いて捜査を進めなければならない。特に被疑者の逮捕その他の強制処分を行うに当つては、事前にできる限り多くの確実な資料を収集しておかなければならない。

（捜査事故簿）
第二百七十四条
　逮捕状その他法令による強制処分に関する事故その他捜査に関する紛議等があつたときは、捜査事故簿（別記様式第二十五号）によりその経緯及び措置等を明らかにしておかなければならない。

タグ：定義法律用語法令用語

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You can also dislike a suspended tweak bait for the duration of deeper branch water by teasing the bass past jerking to scrap the bait. The Jerk Bait is a favorite of many bass fishermen.

2. Jigs and Poppers: Jigs are like a dressed up out of trouble with lead that all things considered has a rubber or mouldable skirt or rubber body.
Bass fishing experts combine jigs with a persuasible worm or frog.
Poppers are suitable after figuring minus where the bass are located. Retrieves with poppers are jerky and fast as a peak water lure.

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by Morrisshilk (2021-08-18 11:18)